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The Terms Improved. Capturing Them Is the Work.

Capital Markets & TrendsBorrower Advisory

Credit terms moved in the borrower’s favor last quarter. Whether a particular borrower sees that improvement depends less on the market than on the file.

The Federal Reserve published its July 2026 Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey yesterday, and for middle-market borrowers the direction was unambiguous. A net 25.0 percent of surveyed lenders narrowed spreads over their cost of funds, 14 reporting easing and none reporting the opposite, the largest single movement anywhere in the survey. The price of capital genuinely improved. It did not improve uniformly, and the reason has more to do with how a situation is presented than with the situation itself.

How far the terms actually moved

The survey tracks eight separate terms on commercial and industrial loans, and six of them eased for large and middle-market borrowers during the second quarter. Spreads led at a net 25.0 percent. Maximum credit line size followed at 17.9 percent, the cost of credit lines at 12.7 percent, maximum maturity at 5.4 percent, loan covenants at 3.6 percent, and collateralization requirements at 1.8 percent. Of the two that did not ease, premiums on riskier loans were unchanged on net, three lenders easing and three moving the other way, and interest rate floors tightened marginally, by a net 3.6 percent. Standards themselves held roughly steady, which the Fed characterized as basically unchanged.

Net percent of surveyed lenders easing each commercial and industrial loan term, second quarter 2026 Ordered horizontal bars. Six loan terms eased for large and middle-market borrowers in the second quarter of 2026. Spreads over cost of funds led at a net 25.0 percent, shown in the darkest navy as the value argued, followed by maximum credit line size at 17.9 percent, cost of credit lines at 12.7 percent, maximum maturity at 5.4 percent, loan covenants at 3.6 percent, and collateralization requirements at 1.8 percent. SPECIAL SITUATIONS The Terms Improved. Capturing Them Is the Work. Net percent of surveyed lenders that eased each term, middle-market and larger borrowers, second quarter 2026. Spreads over cost of funds Maximum credit line size Costs of credit lines Maximum maturity Loan covenants Collateralization requirements 25.0 17.9 12.7 5.4 3.6 1.8 Six of the eight terms the survey tracks moved the borrower's way. Source: Federal Reserve Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey, July 2026 | Thalos Capital Research Thalos Capital ©

Borrowers noticed. A net 16.1 percent of surveyed lenders reported stronger demand from large and middle-market firms, the strongest demand reading in the commercial and industrial section, against a net 3.6 percent from small firms. The survey collected responses from 56 domestic banks and 18 United States branches of foreign banks, covering the three months through June.

An improving market is not a uniform one

Competition on terms happens inside mandates, not across them. Every capital source operates within a defined perimeter: sectors it underwrites, collateral it knows how to perfect, structures it is set up to document, hold sizes it targets, and consents it is willing to wait for. When conditions improve, sources compete harder for the profiles already inside that perimeter. The perimeter itself does not move much.

For a complex, regulated, or non-sponsor situation, that distinction is the whole story. Nothing about those profiles makes them weaker credits. A licensed operating business with concentrated revenue and a decade of consistent cash flow can be a better risk than a generic borrower with a cleaner org chart. But in its default form, that file does not answer the questions a mandate asks, and an unanswered question reads as risk regardless of the underlying quality. The borrower is then priced against uncertainty rather than against performance, in a quarter when everyone else is being priced against competition.

The four questions a mandate is actually asking

Anatomy of a mandate test
The four questions a capital source is actually asking
Competition on terms happens inside mandates, not across them. A situation that answers all four before being asked competes on the same footing as the borrowers capturing the 25.0 point move in spreads.
One
Can the value be secured?
In regulated sectors the most valuable asset is often the one a security interest cannot reach. Build the package from what can be pledged, not from what the business is worth.
Two
Is the cash flow legible?
Complexity is not a defect. Complexity that has to be reverse-engineered from statements gets discounted, so normalize the figures and explain the unusual items rather than burying them.
Three
Who controls the timeline?
Consents, third-party approvals, and change-of-control provisions carry lead times. Sequenced at the start they are schedule items. Discovered in documentation they are repricing events.
Four
Does the deal fit the hold?
Size, term, and structure have to land inside what a source is set up to carry. A well-built file aimed at the wrong mandate fails for reasons unrelated to the borrower.
Source: Federal Reserve Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey, July 2026 | Thalos Capital Research Thalos Capital ©

The first is whether the value can be secured. In regulated sectors the most valuable asset is frequently the one a security interest cannot reach, so the package has to be built from what can be pledged rather than from what the business is worth. Establishing that up front converts a discovery problem into a structuring input.

The second is whether the cash flow is legible. Complexity is not a defect, but complexity that has to be reverse-engineered from statements gets discounted. Normalized figures with the unusual items explained rather than buried remove that discount.

The third is who controls the timeline. Regulatory consents, third-party approvals, and change-of-control provisions all have lead times. Sequenced at the start they are schedule items. Discovered in documentation they are repricing events.

The fourth is whether the deal fits the hold. Size, term, and structure have to land inside what a given source is set up to carry. A well-built file aimed at the wrong mandate fails for reasons that have nothing to do with the borrower.

A situation that answers all four before being asked is competing on the same footing as the borrowers capturing the 25 point move in spreads. One that answers none of them is negotiating against its own opacity.

How Thalos Capital Approaches This

Thalos Capital does that work before a process starts rather than after a first structure comes back. The engagement is borrower-side throughout, on complex, regulated, and non-sponsor situations from $5 million to $100 million and above. The analysis establishes what can be secured and what cannot, normalizes the cash flow with the complexity explained, and maps every consent and approval onto the timeline while there is still room in it.

The second half is matching. Sources differ in what their mandates cover, and a situation that sits outside one perimeter often sits comfortably inside another, which is why a single view is not a market read. Thalos Capital brings the same structured presentation to the sources most likely to fund that specific profile, then manages the process through term sheet, diligence, and close. Bringing more than one source to one situation is what turns preparation into terms.

None of this is about finding capital that was hidden. Capital is visibly better priced this quarter than last. It is about arriving in a form that lets a source say yes on the terms the market is currently offering, rather than on the terms uncertainty requires.

The cost of skipping the preparation is quiet, and it is paid at signing. A borrower who brings a complex situation forward in its raw form, in a quarter when spreads narrowed at a net 25 percent of surveyed lenders, will likely still get financed, and will get financed at something close to last year’s price. The improvement was available. It went to the files that were ready for it.

Most financing situations have more options than the borrower initially sees. A conversation is enough to map them. Submit your financing request at https://thaloscapital.com/contact.

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